Santa Fe Japanese American Internment Camp

World War II was fought in order to save the world from Adolph Hitler’s ruthless Gestapo, the Nazis’ inhuman treatment of conquered people, and concentration camps in Europe, as well as from Japanese military aggression in Asia. How paradoxical that in fighting to prevent such barbaric behavior, the United States itself imprisoned 120,000 Japanese-Americans, two-thirds of them U.S. citizens, in “concentration” camps during the war.

In 1942, during the months immediately after Pearl Harbor, there was widespread panic in the U.S. about possible attacks on the West Coast. The disaster at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, was blamed by many Americans as due to espionage by Japanese Americans, rather than on the lack of preparedness by American military forces. Actually the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians declared after the war that “Not a single documented act of espionage, sabotage, or fifth column activity was committed by an American citizen of Japanese ancestry or by a resident Japanese alien on the West Coast.”

The Santa Fe Internment Detention Camp and later Internment Camp housed only male internees who were identified as “enemy aliens” and were separated from their families because of their potential to be spies because of their livelihoods or community leadership. Ironically, these “dangerous” detainees or internees were brought to Santa Fe, New Mexico, the gateway for persons working on the largest secret of World War II, the atomic bomb research in nearby Los Alamos.

On April 20, 2002, an historical marker was placed overlooking the site of the former camp to identify the internment camp life and internment camp conditions. It succinctly states:

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE SANTA FE INTERNMENT CAMP

At this site, due east and below the hill, 4555 men of Japanese ancestry were incarcerated in a Department of Justice Internment Camp from March 1942 to April 1946. Most were excluded by law from becoming United States citizens and were removed primarily from the West Coast and Hawaii.

During World War II, their loyalty to the Untied States was questioned. Many of the men held here without due process were long time resident religious leaders, businessmen, teachers, fishermen, farmers, and others. No person of Japanese ancestry in the U.S. was ever charged or convicted of espionage throughout the course of the war.

Many of the internees had relatives who served with distinction in the American Armed Forces in Europe and in the Pacific.

This marker is placed here as a reminder that history is a valuable teacher only if we do not forget our past.

Information about the Santa Fe Internment Camp is difficult to find, so the chapter in Silent Voices of World War II is rare, describing life in the Japanese American camp.

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The following are sites where Japanese Americans were held, visited by N. Bartlit preparing for her second book about the Japanese American internment in Santa Fe, NM.

U.S. Department of Justice Camp Sites (three men-only sites; only one for family)

• Santa Fe, NM
• Missoula, MT

U.S. Army War Relocation Centers

• Minidoka, ID
• Amache, CO
• Replica of Manzanar, CA exhibit at the Japanese American National Museum, Los Angeles, CA

U.S. Army Camp

• Lordsburg, NM

Japanese American community

• San Jose, CA Little Tokyo, where museum and downtown has educational plaques about the internment camp evacuations
• Torrance, CA “Go For Broke” headquarters

N. Bartlit has been attending or presenting talks on her WWII research since 1997 at regional conferences on Asian affairs held from El Paso, TX; Boulder and Denver, CO; Salt Lake City and Ogden, UT; Phoenix and Tucson, AZ, Boise, ID; Long Beach, CA; Seattle, WA; and Albuquerque, NM. She attended a national Asian conference in Boston, MA and spoke about the Santa Fe camp at an international conference in Tokyo, Japan.

Contact Bartlit/Buy Silent Voices

Teaching Experience

Teaching in Japan:

September 1958 to September 1960

• Taught in Miyagi Gakuin Women’s Academy (Gakuin), Sendai, Miyagi-ken, Japan.• Taught English pronunciation and grammar to 9th and 10th grades as well as college freshmen and sophomores.

• Taught typing to English majors at the college level to prepare them for working in trading companies after graduation.

Extracurricular:

• Taught college students at UNESCO so they could practice English.
• Taught Tohoku University scientists at Institute for Scientific Instruments.

Teaching in U.S.:

• Tutored English as a second language to Japanese scientists and their families who came to Los Alamos to do joint research with Laboratory scientists beginning in the late 1970s. Families usually stayed for a year. Welcomed wives into Los Alamos Garden Club membership.

• Consultant to Los Alamos County to teach parliamentary procedure to Boards and Commissions. Presentation was filmed and shown to new board members for orientation.

After “Silent Voices” was published:

• Taught history class and teachers’ writing class at University of NM/Gallup, NM branch, 2008.
• Taught in one hour sessions each, 6th, 7th, 8th graders (about 100 students in each grade) at West Las Vegas, NM, spring 2008.
• Taught 9th graders using Silent Voices as a textbook in Los Alamos High School, Los Alamos, NM, history class, to help meet state requirement to teach contemporary NM history, 2007.
• Taught middle-school level classes (five sessions) for two days about Silent Voices in lieu of the Pojoaque school having a textbook. Later the teacher purchased textbooks for classes because of the level of the book and also comprehensiveness of the material for social studies goals to be covered, 2007.
• Taught NM teachers being trained to prepare lesson plans from kindergarten through high school to teach about internment and peoples’ displacement under a grant to the University of NM Education Department from the Japanese American National Museum, 2006.
• Taught 2-6th graders selected to help write and perform an opera about the Santa Fe Internment Camp at the Carlos Gilbert Elementary School, Santa Fe, with a grant from the History Channel and assistance from the Santa Fe Opera personnel. Was invited to make comments at the performance for parents, 2006.
• Taught several hundred elementary school students (3rd to 6th grade) in one lecture and several hundred students high school students (7th to 12th grade) at Fort Sumner, NM, home of the Atomic Admiral Deak Parsons, 2006.
• Taught Brigham Young University class on "Japanese-American Internment: Topaz Plus," Fall 2005, Ogden, Utah, Professor B. Daynes.
• Taught 4th graders about Santa Fe Internment Camp to Longfellow School, Albuquerque, NM to prepare them for writing and performing a play depicting the experiences of Japanese Americans evacuated under military order to leave the West Coast, 2004.
• Taught South Valley Academy teachers about the NM National Guard in the Philippines,
• Albuquerque, 2003.

New Mexico Humanities Council Chautauqua Speakers
Go to their web site and search for Nancy Bartlit to schedule her for a lecture

Contact Bartlit/Buy Silent Voices